driver_wext.c

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#include "includes.h"
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <net/if_arp.h>

#include "wireless_copy.h"
#include "common.h"
#include "driver.h"
#include "l2_packet.h"
#include "eloop.h"
#include "wpa_supplicant.h"
#include "priv_netlink.h"
#include "driver_wext.h"
#include "wpa.h"

#ifdef CONFIG_CLIENT_MLME
#include <netpacket/packet.h>
#include <hostapd_ioctl.h>
#include <net/d80211_common.h>
#include <net/d80211_shared.h>
#include "mlme.h"

#ifndef ETH_P_ALL
#define ETH_P_ALL 0x0003
#endif
#endif /* CONFIG_CLIENT_MLME */


struct wpa_driver_wext_data {
        void *ctx;
        int event_sock;
        int ioctl_sock;
        int mlme_sock;
        char ifname[IFNAMSIZ + 1];
        int ifindex;
        int ifindex2;
        u8 *assoc_req_ies;
        size_t assoc_req_ies_len;
        u8 *assoc_resp_ies;
        size_t assoc_resp_ies_len;
        struct wpa_driver_capa capa;
        int has_capability;
        int we_version_compiled;

        /* for set_auth_alg fallback */
        int use_crypt;
        int auth_alg_fallback;

        int operstate;

        char mlmedev[IFNAMSIZ + 1];
};


static int wpa_driver_wext_flush_pmkid(void *priv);
static int wpa_driver_wext_get_range(void *priv);

static int wpa_driver_wext_send_oper_ifla(struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv,
                                          int linkmode, int operstate)
{
        struct {
                struct nlmsghdr hdr;
                struct ifinfomsg ifinfo;
                char opts[16];
        } req;
        struct rtattr *rta;
        static int nl_seq;
        ssize_t ret;

        req.hdr.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(struct ifinfomsg));
        req.hdr.nlmsg_type = RTM_SETLINK;
        req.hdr.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST;
        req.hdr.nlmsg_seq = ++nl_seq;
        req.hdr.nlmsg_pid = 0;

        req.ifinfo.ifi_family = AF_UNSPEC;
        req.ifinfo.ifi_type = 0;
        req.ifinfo.ifi_index = drv->ifindex;
        req.ifinfo.ifi_flags = 0;
        req.ifinfo.ifi_change = 0;

        if (linkmode != -1) {
                rta = (struct rtattr *)
                        ((char *) &req + NLMSG_ALIGN(req.hdr.nlmsg_len));
                rta->rta_type = IFLA_LINKMODE;
                rta->rta_len = RTA_LENGTH(sizeof(char));
                *((char *) RTA_DATA(rta)) = linkmode;
                req.hdr.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_ALIGN(req.hdr.nlmsg_len) +
                        RTA_LENGTH(sizeof(char));
        }
        if (operstate != -1) {
                rta = (struct rtattr *)
                        ((char *) &req + NLMSG_ALIGN(req.hdr.nlmsg_len));
                rta->rta_type = IFLA_OPERSTATE;
                rta->rta_len = RTA_LENGTH(sizeof(char));
                *((char *) RTA_DATA(rta)) = operstate;
                req.hdr.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_ALIGN(req.hdr.nlmsg_len) +
                        RTA_LENGTH(sizeof(char));
        }

        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WEXT: Operstate: linkmode=%d, operstate=%d",
                   linkmode, operstate);

        ret = send(drv->event_sock, &req, req.hdr.nlmsg_len, 0);
        if (ret < 0) {
                wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WEXT: Sending operstate IFLA failed: "
                           "%s (assume operstate is not supported)",
                           strerror(errno));
        }

        return ret < 0 ? -1 : 0;
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_set_auth_param(struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv,
                                          int idx, u32 value)
{
        struct iwreq iwr;
        int ret = 0;

        os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
        os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
        iwr.u.param.flags = idx & IW_AUTH_INDEX;
        iwr.u.param.value = value;

        if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, SIOCSIWAUTH, &iwr) < 0) {
                perror("ioctl[SIOCSIWAUTH]");
                fprintf(stderr, "WEXT auth param %d value 0x%x - ",
                        idx, value);
                ret = errno == EOPNOTSUPP ? -2 : -1;
        }

        return ret;
}


int wpa_driver_wext_get_bssid(void *priv, u8 *bssid)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        struct iwreq iwr;
        int ret = 0;

        os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
        os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);

        if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, SIOCGIWAP, &iwr) < 0) {
                perror("ioctl[SIOCGIWAP]");
                ret = -1;
        }
        os_memcpy(bssid, iwr.u.ap_addr.sa_data, ETH_ALEN);

        return ret;
}


int wpa_driver_wext_set_bssid(void *priv, const u8 *bssid)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        struct iwreq iwr;
        int ret = 0;

        os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
        os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
        iwr.u.ap_addr.sa_family = ARPHRD_ETHER;
        if (bssid)
                os_memcpy(iwr.u.ap_addr.sa_data, bssid, ETH_ALEN);
        else
                os_memset(iwr.u.ap_addr.sa_data, 0, ETH_ALEN);

        if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, SIOCSIWAP, &iwr) < 0) {
                perror("ioctl[SIOCSIWAP]");
                ret = -1;
        }

        return ret;
}


int wpa_driver_wext_get_ssid(void *priv, u8 *ssid)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        struct iwreq iwr;
        int ret = 0;

        os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
        os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
        iwr.u.essid.pointer = (caddr_t) ssid;
        iwr.u.essid.length = 32;

        if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, SIOCGIWESSID, &iwr) < 0) {
                perror("ioctl[SIOCGIWESSID]");
                ret = -1;
        } else {
                ret = iwr.u.essid.length;
                if (ret > 32)
                        ret = 32;
                /* Some drivers include nul termination in the SSID, so let's
                 * remove it here before further processing. WE-21 changes this
                 * to explicitly require the length _not_ to include nul
                 * termination. */
                if (ret > 0 && ssid[ret - 1] == '\0' &&
                    drv->we_version_compiled < 21)
                        ret--;
        }

        return ret;
}


int wpa_driver_wext_set_ssid(void *priv, const u8 *ssid, size_t ssid_len)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        struct iwreq iwr;
        int ret = 0;
        char buf[33];

        if (ssid_len > 32)
                return -1;

        os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
        os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
        /* flags: 1 = ESSID is active, 0 = not (promiscuous) */
        iwr.u.essid.flags = (ssid_len != 0);
        os_memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
        os_memcpy(buf, ssid, ssid_len);
        iwr.u.essid.pointer = (caddr_t) buf;
        if (drv->we_version_compiled < 21) {
                /* For historic reasons, set SSID length to include one extra
                 * character, C string nul termination, even though SSID is
                 * really an octet string that should not be presented as a C
                 * string. Some Linux drivers decrement the length by one and
                 * can thus end up missing the last octet of the SSID if the
                 * length is not incremented here. WE-21 changes this to
                 * explicitly require the length _not_ to include nul
                 * termination. */
                if (ssid_len)
                        ssid_len++;
        }
        iwr.u.essid.length = ssid_len;

        if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, SIOCSIWESSID, &iwr) < 0) {
                perror("ioctl[SIOCSIWESSID]");
                ret = -1;
        }

        return ret;
}


int wpa_driver_wext_set_freq(void *priv, int freq)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        struct iwreq iwr;
        int ret = 0;

        os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
        os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
        iwr.u.freq.m = freq * 100000;
        iwr.u.freq.e = 1;

        if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, SIOCSIWFREQ, &iwr) < 0) {
                perror("ioctl[SIOCSIWFREQ]");
                ret = -1;
        }

        return ret;
}


static void
wpa_driver_wext_event_wireless_custom(void *ctx, char *custom)
{
        union wpa_event_data data;

        wpa_printf(MSG_MSGDUMP, "WEXT: Custom wireless event: '%s'",
                   custom);

        os_memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
        /* Host AP driver */
        if (os_strncmp(custom, "MLME-MICHAELMICFAILURE.indication", 33) == 0) {
                data.michael_mic_failure.unicast =
                        os_strstr(custom, " unicast ") != NULL;
                /* TODO: parse parameters(?) */
                wpa_supplicant_event(ctx, EVENT_MICHAEL_MIC_FAILURE, &data);
        } else if (os_strncmp(custom, "ASSOCINFO(ReqIEs=", 17) == 0) {
                char *spos;
                int bytes;

                spos = custom + 17;

                bytes = strspn(spos, "0123456789abcdefABCDEF");
                if (!bytes || (bytes & 1))
                        return;
                bytes /= 2;

                data.assoc_info.req_ies = os_malloc(bytes);
                if (data.assoc_info.req_ies == NULL)
                        return;

                data.assoc_info.req_ies_len = bytes;
                hexstr2bin(spos, data.assoc_info.req_ies, bytes);

                spos += bytes * 2;

                data.assoc_info.resp_ies = NULL;
                data.assoc_info.resp_ies_len = 0;

                if (os_strncmp(spos, " RespIEs=", 9) == 0) {
                        spos += 9;

                        bytes = strspn(spos, "0123456789abcdefABCDEF");
                        if (!bytes || (bytes & 1))
                                goto done;
                        bytes /= 2;

                        data.assoc_info.resp_ies = os_malloc(bytes);
                        if (data.assoc_info.resp_ies == NULL)
                                goto done;

                        data.assoc_info.resp_ies_len = bytes;
                        hexstr2bin(spos, data.assoc_info.resp_ies, bytes);
                }

                wpa_supplicant_event(ctx, EVENT_ASSOCINFO, &data);

        done:
                os_free(data.assoc_info.resp_ies);
                os_free(data.assoc_info.req_ies);
#ifdef CONFIG_PEERKEY
        } else if (os_strncmp(custom, "STKSTART.request=", 17) == 0) {
                if (hwaddr_aton(custom + 17, data.stkstart.peer)) {
                        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WEXT: unrecognized "
                                   "STKSTART.request '%s'", custom + 17);
                        return;
                }
                wpa_supplicant_event(ctx, EVENT_STKSTART, &data);
#endif /* CONFIG_PEERKEY */
        }
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_event_wireless_michaelmicfailure(
        void *ctx, const char *ev, size_t len)
{
        const struct iw_michaelmicfailure *mic;
        union wpa_event_data data;

        if (len < sizeof(*mic))
                return -1;

        mic = (const struct iw_michaelmicfailure *) ev;

        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Michael MIC failure wireless event: "
                   "flags=0x%x src_addr=" MACSTR, mic->flags,
                   MAC2STR(mic->src_addr.sa_data));

        os_memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
        data.michael_mic_failure.unicast = !(mic->flags & IW_MICFAILURE_GROUP);
        wpa_supplicant_event(ctx, EVENT_MICHAEL_MIC_FAILURE, &data);

        return 0;
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_event_wireless_pmkidcand(
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv, const char *ev, size_t len)
{
        const struct iw_pmkid_cand *cand;
        union wpa_event_data data;
        const u8 *addr;

        if (len < sizeof(*cand))
                return -1;

        cand = (const struct iw_pmkid_cand *) ev;
        addr = (const u8 *) cand->bssid.sa_data;

        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "PMKID candidate wireless event: "
                   "flags=0x%x index=%d bssid=" MACSTR, cand->flags,
                   cand->index, MAC2STR(addr));

        os_memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
        os_memcpy(data.pmkid_candidate.bssid, addr, ETH_ALEN);
        data.pmkid_candidate.index = cand->index;
        data.pmkid_candidate.preauth = cand->flags & IW_PMKID_CAND_PREAUTH;
        wpa_supplicant_event(drv->ctx, EVENT_PMKID_CANDIDATE, &data);

        return 0;
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_event_wireless_assocreqie(
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv, const char *ev, int len)
{
        if (len < 0)
                return -1;

        wpa_hexdump(MSG_DEBUG, "AssocReq IE wireless event", (const u8 *) ev,
                    len);
        os_free(drv->assoc_req_ies);
        drv->assoc_req_ies = os_malloc(len);
        if (drv->assoc_req_ies == NULL) {
                drv->assoc_req_ies_len = 0;
                return -1;
        }
        os_memcpy(drv->assoc_req_ies, ev, len);
        drv->assoc_req_ies_len = len;

        return 0;
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_event_wireless_assocrespie(
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv, const char *ev, int len)
{
        if (len < 0)
                return -1;

        wpa_hexdump(MSG_DEBUG, "AssocResp IE wireless event", (const u8 *) ev,
                    len);
        os_free(drv->assoc_resp_ies);
        drv->assoc_resp_ies = os_malloc(len);
        if (drv->assoc_resp_ies == NULL) {
                drv->assoc_resp_ies_len = 0;
                return -1;
        }
        os_memcpy(drv->assoc_resp_ies, ev, len);
        drv->assoc_resp_ies_len = len;

        return 0;
}


static void wpa_driver_wext_event_assoc_ies(struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv)
{
        union wpa_event_data data;

        if (drv->assoc_req_ies == NULL && drv->assoc_resp_ies == NULL)
                return;

        os_memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
        if (drv->assoc_req_ies) {
                data.assoc_info.req_ies = drv->assoc_req_ies;
                drv->assoc_req_ies = NULL;
                data.assoc_info.req_ies_len = drv->assoc_req_ies_len;
        }
        if (drv->assoc_resp_ies) {
                data.assoc_info.resp_ies = drv->assoc_resp_ies;
                drv->assoc_resp_ies = NULL;
                data.assoc_info.resp_ies_len = drv->assoc_resp_ies_len;
        }

        wpa_supplicant_event(drv->ctx, EVENT_ASSOCINFO, &data);

        os_free(data.assoc_info.req_ies);
        os_free(data.assoc_info.resp_ies);
}


static void wpa_driver_wext_event_wireless(struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv,
                                           void *ctx, char *data, int len)
{
        struct iw_event iwe_buf, *iwe = &iwe_buf;
        char *pos, *end, *custom, *buf;

        pos = data;
        end = data + len;

        while (pos + IW_EV_LCP_LEN <= end) {
                /* Event data may be unaligned, so make a local, aligned copy
                 * before processing. */
                os_memcpy(&iwe_buf, pos, IW_EV_LCP_LEN);
                wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Wireless event: cmd=0x%x len=%d",
                           iwe->cmd, iwe->len);
                if (iwe->len <= IW_EV_LCP_LEN)
                        return;

                custom = pos + IW_EV_POINT_LEN;
                if (drv->we_version_compiled > 18 &&
                    (iwe->cmd == IWEVMICHAELMICFAILURE ||
                     iwe->cmd == IWEVCUSTOM ||
                     iwe->cmd == IWEVASSOCREQIE ||
                     iwe->cmd == IWEVASSOCRESPIE ||
                     iwe->cmd == IWEVPMKIDCAND)) {
                        /* WE-19 removed the pointer from struct iw_point */
                        char *dpos = (char *) &iwe_buf.u.data.length;
                        int dlen = dpos - (char *) &iwe_buf;
                        os_memcpy(dpos, pos + IW_EV_LCP_LEN,
                                  sizeof(struct iw_event) - dlen);
                } else {
                        os_memcpy(&iwe_buf, pos, sizeof(struct iw_event));
                        custom += IW_EV_POINT_OFF;
                }

                switch (iwe->cmd) {
                case SIOCGIWAP:
                        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Wireless event: new AP: "
                                   MACSTR,
                                   MAC2STR((u8 *) iwe->u.ap_addr.sa_data));
                        if (os_memcmp(iwe->u.ap_addr.sa_data,
                                      "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", ETH_ALEN) ==
                            0 ||
                            os_memcmp(iwe->u.ap_addr.sa_data,
                                      "\x44\x44\x44\x44\x44\x44", ETH_ALEN) ==
                            0) {
                                os_free(drv->assoc_req_ies);
                                drv->assoc_req_ies = NULL;
                                os_free(drv->assoc_resp_ies);
                                drv->assoc_resp_ies = NULL;
                                wpa_supplicant_event(ctx, EVENT_DISASSOC,
                                                     NULL);
                        
                        } else {
                                wpa_driver_wext_event_assoc_ies(drv);
                                wpa_supplicant_event(ctx, EVENT_ASSOC, NULL);
                        }
                        break;
                case IWEVMICHAELMICFAILURE:
                        wpa_driver_wext_event_wireless_michaelmicfailure(
                                ctx, custom, iwe->u.data.length);
                        break;
                case IWEVCUSTOM:
                        if (custom + iwe->u.data.length > end)
                                return;
                        buf = os_malloc(iwe->u.data.length + 1);
                        if (buf == NULL)
                                return;
                        os_memcpy(buf, custom, iwe->u.data.length);
                        buf[iwe->u.data.length] = '\0';
                        wpa_driver_wext_event_wireless_custom(ctx, buf);
                        os_free(buf);
                        break;
                case SIOCGIWSCAN:
                        eloop_cancel_timeout(wpa_driver_wext_scan_timeout,
                                             drv, ctx);
                        wpa_supplicant_event(ctx, EVENT_SCAN_RESULTS, NULL);
                        break;
                case IWEVASSOCREQIE:
                        wpa_driver_wext_event_wireless_assocreqie(
                                drv, custom, iwe->u.data.length);
                        break;
                case IWEVASSOCRESPIE:
                        wpa_driver_wext_event_wireless_assocrespie(
                                drv, custom, iwe->u.data.length);
                        break;
                case IWEVPMKIDCAND:
                        wpa_driver_wext_event_wireless_pmkidcand(
                                drv, custom, iwe->u.data.length);
                        break;
                }

                pos += iwe->len;
        }
}


static void wpa_driver_wext_event_link(void *ctx, char *buf, size_t len,
                                       int del)
{
        union wpa_event_data event;

        os_memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));
        if (len > sizeof(event.interface_status.ifname))
                len = sizeof(event.interface_status.ifname) - 1;
        os_memcpy(event.interface_status.ifname, buf, len);
        event.interface_status.ievent = del ? EVENT_INTERFACE_REMOVED :
                EVENT_INTERFACE_ADDED;

        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "RTM_%sLINK, IFLA_IFNAME: Interface '%s' %s",
                   del ? "DEL" : "NEW",
                   event.interface_status.ifname,
                   del ? "removed" : "added");

        wpa_supplicant_event(ctx, EVENT_INTERFACE_STATUS, &event);
}


static void wpa_driver_wext_event_rtm_newlink(struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv,
                                              void *ctx, struct nlmsghdr *h,
                                              size_t len)
{
        struct ifinfomsg *ifi;
        int attrlen, nlmsg_len, rta_len;
        struct rtattr * attr;

        if (len < sizeof(*ifi))
                return;

        ifi = NLMSG_DATA(h);

        if (drv->ifindex != ifi->ifi_index && drv->ifindex2 != ifi->ifi_index)
        {
                wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Ignore event for foreign ifindex %d",
                           ifi->ifi_index);
                return;
        }

        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "RTM_NEWLINK: operstate=%d ifi_flags=0x%x "
                   "(%s%s%s%s)",
                   drv->operstate, ifi->ifi_flags,
                   (ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_UP) ? "[UP]" : "",
                   (ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_RUNNING) ? "[RUNNING]" : "",
                   (ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_LOWER_UP) ? "[LOWER_UP]" : "",
                   (ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_DORMANT) ? "[DORMANT" : "");
        /*
         * Some drivers send the association event before the operup event--in
         * this case, lifting operstate in wpa_driver_wext_set_operstate()
         * fails. This will hit us when wpa_supplicant does not need to do
         * IEEE 802.1X authentication
         */
        if (drv->operstate == 1 &&
            (ifi->ifi_flags & (IFF_LOWER_UP | IFF_DORMANT)) == IFF_LOWER_UP &&
            !(ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_RUNNING))
                wpa_driver_wext_send_oper_ifla(drv, -1, IF_OPER_UP);

        nlmsg_len = NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct ifinfomsg));

        attrlen = h->nlmsg_len - nlmsg_len;
        if (attrlen < 0)
                return;

        attr = (struct rtattr *) (((char *) ifi) + nlmsg_len);

        rta_len = RTA_ALIGN(sizeof(struct rtattr));
        while (RTA_OK(attr, attrlen)) {
                if (attr->rta_type == IFLA_WIRELESS) {
                        wpa_driver_wext_event_wireless(
                                drv, ctx, ((char *) attr) + rta_len,
                                attr->rta_len - rta_len);
                } else if (attr->rta_type == IFLA_IFNAME) {
                        wpa_driver_wext_event_link(ctx,
                                                   ((char *) attr) + rta_len,
                                                   attr->rta_len - rta_len, 0);
                }
                attr = RTA_NEXT(attr, attrlen);
        }
}


static void wpa_driver_wext_event_rtm_dellink(struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv,
                                              void *ctx, struct nlmsghdr *h,
                                              size_t len)
{
        struct ifinfomsg *ifi;
        int attrlen, nlmsg_len, rta_len;
        struct rtattr * attr;

        if (len < sizeof(*ifi))
                return;

        ifi = NLMSG_DATA(h);

        nlmsg_len = NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct ifinfomsg));

        attrlen = h->nlmsg_len - nlmsg_len;
        if (attrlen < 0)
                return;

        attr = (struct rtattr *) (((char *) ifi) + nlmsg_len);

        rta_len = RTA_ALIGN(sizeof(struct rtattr));
        while (RTA_OK(attr, attrlen)) {
                if (attr->rta_type == IFLA_IFNAME) {
                        wpa_driver_wext_event_link(ctx,
                                                   ((char *) attr) + rta_len,
                                                   attr->rta_len - rta_len, 1);
                }
                attr = RTA_NEXT(attr, attrlen);
        }
}


static void wpa_driver_wext_event_receive(int sock, void *eloop_ctx,
                                          void *sock_ctx)
{
        char buf[8192];
        int left;
        struct sockaddr_nl from;
        socklen_t fromlen;
        struct nlmsghdr *h;
        int max_events = 10;

try_again:
        fromlen = sizeof(from);
        left = recvfrom(sock, buf, sizeof(buf), MSG_DONTWAIT,
                        (struct sockaddr *) &from, &fromlen);
        if (left < 0) {
                if (errno != EINTR && errno != EAGAIN)
                        perror("recvfrom(netlink)");
                return;
        }

        h = (struct nlmsghdr *) buf;
        while (left >= (int) sizeof(*h)) {
                int len, plen;

                len = h->nlmsg_len;
                plen = len - sizeof(*h);
                if (len > left || plen < 0) {
                        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Malformed netlink message: "
                                   "len=%d left=%d plen=%d",
                                   len, left, plen);
                        break;
                }

                switch (h->nlmsg_type) {
                case RTM_NEWLINK:
                        wpa_driver_wext_event_rtm_newlink(eloop_ctx, sock_ctx,
                                                          h, plen);
                        break;
                case RTM_DELLINK:
                        wpa_driver_wext_event_rtm_dellink(eloop_ctx, sock_ctx,
                                                          h, plen);
                        break;
                }

                len = NLMSG_ALIGN(len);
                left -= len;
                h = (struct nlmsghdr *) ((char *) h + len);
        }

        if (left > 0) {
                wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "%d extra bytes in the end of netlink "
                           "message", left);
        }

        if (--max_events > 0) {
                /*
                 * Try to receive all events in one eloop call in order to
                 * limit race condition on cases where AssocInfo event, Assoc
                 * event, and EAPOL frames are received more or less at the
                 * same time. We want to process the event messages first
                 * before starting EAPOL processing.
                 */
                goto try_again;
        }
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_get_ifflags_ifname(struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv,
                                              const char *ifname, int *flags)
{
        struct ifreq ifr;

        os_memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
        os_strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
        if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, (caddr_t) &ifr) < 0) {
                perror("ioctl[SIOCGIFFLAGS]");
                return -1;
        }
        *flags = ifr.ifr_flags & 0xffff;
        return 0;
}


int wpa_driver_wext_get_ifflags(struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv, int *flags)
{
        return wpa_driver_wext_get_ifflags_ifname(drv, drv->ifname, flags);
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_set_ifflags_ifname(struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv,
                                              const char *ifname, int flags)
{
        struct ifreq ifr;

        os_memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
        os_strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
        ifr.ifr_flags = flags & 0xffff;
        if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, (caddr_t) &ifr) < 0) {
                perror("SIOCSIFFLAGS");
                return -1;
        }
        return 0;
}


int wpa_driver_wext_set_ifflags(struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv, int flags)
{
        return wpa_driver_wext_set_ifflags_ifname(drv, drv->ifname, flags);
}


void * wpa_driver_wext_init(void *ctx, const char *ifname)
{
        int s, flags;
        struct sockaddr_nl local;
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv;

        drv = os_zalloc(sizeof(*drv));
        if (drv == NULL)
                return NULL;
        drv->ctx = ctx;
        os_strncpy(drv->ifname, ifname, sizeof(drv->ifname));

        drv->ioctl_sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
        if (drv->ioctl_sock < 0) {
                perror("socket(PF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)");
                os_free(drv);
                return NULL;
        }

        s = socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_ROUTE);
        if (s < 0) {
                perror("socket(PF_NETLINK,SOCK_RAW,NETLINK_ROUTE)");
                close(drv->ioctl_sock);
                os_free(drv);
                return NULL;
        }

        os_memset(&local, 0, sizeof(local));
        local.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
        local.nl_groups = RTMGRP_LINK;
        if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *) &local, sizeof(local)) < 0) {
                perror("bind(netlink)");
                close(s);
                close(drv->ioctl_sock);
                os_free(drv);
                return NULL;
        }

        eloop_register_read_sock(s, wpa_driver_wext_event_receive, drv, ctx);
        drv->event_sock = s;

        drv->mlme_sock = -1;

        /*
         * Make sure that the driver does not have any obsolete PMKID entries.
         */
        wpa_driver_wext_flush_pmkid(drv);

        if (wpa_driver_wext_set_mode(drv, 0) < 0) {
                printf("Could not configure driver to use managed mode\n");
        }

        if (wpa_driver_wext_get_ifflags(drv, &flags) != 0 ||
            wpa_driver_wext_set_ifflags(drv, flags | IFF_UP) != 0) {
                printf("Could not set interface '%s' UP\n", drv->ifname);
        }

        wpa_driver_wext_get_range(drv);

        drv->ifindex = if_nametoindex(drv->ifname);

        if (os_strncmp(ifname, "wlan", 4) == 0) {
                /*
                 * Host AP driver may use both wlan# and wifi# interface in
                 * wireless events. Since some of the versions included WE-18
                 * support, let's add the alternative ifindex also from
                 * driver_wext.c for the time being. This may be removed at
                 * some point once it is believed that old versions of the
                 * driver are not in use anymore.
                 */
                char ifname2[IFNAMSIZ + 1];
                os_strncpy(ifname2, ifname, sizeof(ifname2));
                os_memcpy(ifname2, "wifi", 4);
                wpa_driver_wext_alternative_ifindex(drv, ifname2);
        }

        wpa_driver_wext_send_oper_ifla(drv, 1, IF_OPER_DORMANT);

        return drv;
}


void wpa_driver_wext_deinit(void *priv)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        int flags;

        eloop_cancel_timeout(wpa_driver_wext_scan_timeout, drv, drv->ctx);

        /*
         * Clear possibly configured driver parameters in order to make it
         * easier to use the driver after wpa_supplicant has been terminated.
         */
        wpa_driver_wext_set_bssid(drv, (u8 *) "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00");

        wpa_driver_wext_send_oper_ifla(priv, 0, IF_OPER_UP);

        eloop_unregister_read_sock(drv->event_sock);
        if (drv->mlme_sock >= 0)
                eloop_unregister_read_sock(drv->mlme_sock);

        if (wpa_driver_wext_get_ifflags(drv, &flags) == 0)
                (void) wpa_driver_wext_set_ifflags(drv, flags & ~IFF_UP);

#ifdef CONFIG_CLIENT_MLME
        if (drv->mlmedev[0] &&
            wpa_driver_wext_get_ifflags_ifname(drv, drv->mlmedev, &flags) == 0)
                (void) wpa_driver_wext_set_ifflags_ifname(drv, drv->mlmedev,
                                                          flags & ~IFF_UP);
#endif /* CONFIG_CLIENT_MLME */

        close(drv->event_sock);
        close(drv->ioctl_sock);
        if (drv->mlme_sock >= 0)
                close(drv->mlme_sock);
        os_free(drv->assoc_req_ies);
        os_free(drv->assoc_resp_ies);
        os_free(drv);
}


void wpa_driver_wext_scan_timeout(void *eloop_ctx, void *timeout_ctx)
{
        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Scan timeout - try to get results");
        wpa_supplicant_event(timeout_ctx, EVENT_SCAN_RESULTS, NULL);
}


int wpa_driver_wext_scan(void *priv, const u8 *ssid, size_t ssid_len)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        struct iwreq iwr;
        int ret = 0;
        struct iw_scan_req req;

        if (ssid_len > IW_ESSID_MAX_SIZE) {
                wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "%s: too long SSID (%lu)",
                           __FUNCTION__, (unsigned long) ssid_len);
                return -1;
        }

        os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
        os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);

        if (ssid && ssid_len) {
                os_memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
                req.essid_len = ssid_len;
                req.bssid.sa_family = ARPHRD_ETHER;
                os_memset(req.bssid.sa_data, 0xff, ETH_ALEN);
                os_memcpy(req.essid, ssid, ssid_len);
                iwr.u.data.pointer = (caddr_t) &req;
                iwr.u.data.length = sizeof(req);
                iwr.u.data.flags = IW_SCAN_THIS_ESSID;
        }

        if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, SIOCSIWSCAN, &iwr) < 0) {
                perror("ioctl[SIOCSIWSCAN]");
                ret = -1;
        }

        /* Not all drivers generate "scan completed" wireless event, so try to
         * read results after a timeout. */
        eloop_register_timeout(3, 0, wpa_driver_wext_scan_timeout, drv,
                               drv->ctx);

        return ret;
}


/* Compare function for sorting scan results. Return >0 if @b is considered
 * better. */
static int wpa_scan_result_compar(const void *a, const void *b)
{
        const struct wpa_scan_result *wa = a;
        const struct wpa_scan_result *wb = b;

        /* WPA/WPA2 support preferred */
        if ((wb->wpa_ie_len || wb->rsn_ie_len) &&
            !(wa->wpa_ie_len || wa->rsn_ie_len))
                return 1;
        if (!(wb->wpa_ie_len || wb->rsn_ie_len) &&
            (wa->wpa_ie_len || wa->rsn_ie_len))
                return -1;

        /* privacy support preferred */
        if ((wa->caps & IEEE80211_CAP_PRIVACY) == 0 &&
            (wb->caps & IEEE80211_CAP_PRIVACY))
                return 1;
        if ((wa->caps & IEEE80211_CAP_PRIVACY) &&
            (wb->caps & IEEE80211_CAP_PRIVACY) == 0)
                return -1;

        /* best/max rate preferred if signal level close enough XXX */
        if (wa->maxrate != wb->maxrate && abs(wb->level - wa->level) < 5)
                return wb->maxrate - wa->maxrate;

        /* use freq for channel preference */

        /* all things being equal, use signal level; if signal levels are
         * identical, use quality values since some drivers may only report
         * that value and leave the signal level zero */
        if (wb->level == wa->level)
                return wb->qual - wa->qual;
        return wb->level - wa->level;
}


int wpa_driver_wext_get_scan_results(void *priv,
                                     struct wpa_scan_result *results,
                                     size_t max_size)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        struct iwreq iwr;
        size_t ap_num = 0;
        int first, maxrate;
        u8 *res_buf;
        struct iw_event iwe_buf, *iwe = &iwe_buf;
        char *pos, *end, *custom, *genie, *gpos, *gend;
        struct iw_param p;
        size_t len, clen, res_buf_len;

        os_memset(results, 0, max_size * sizeof(struct wpa_scan_result));

        res_buf_len = IW_SCAN_MAX_DATA;
        for (;;) {
                res_buf = os_malloc(res_buf_len);
                if (res_buf == NULL)
                        return -1;
                os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
                os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
                iwr.u.data.pointer = res_buf;
                iwr.u.data.length = res_buf_len;

                if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, SIOCGIWSCAN, &iwr) == 0)
                        break;

                if (errno == E2BIG && res_buf_len < 100000) {
                        os_free(res_buf);
                        res_buf = NULL;
                        res_buf_len *= 2;
                        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Scan results did not fit - "
                                   "trying larger buffer (%lu bytes)",
                                   (unsigned long) res_buf_len);
                } else {
                        perror("ioctl[SIOCGIWSCAN]");
                        os_free(res_buf);
                        return -1;
                }
        }

        len = iwr.u.data.length;
        ap_num = 0;
        first = 1;

        pos = (char *) res_buf;
        end = (char *) res_buf + len;

        while (pos + IW_EV_LCP_LEN <= end) {
                int ssid_len;
                /* Event data may be unaligned, so make a local, aligned copy
                 * before processing. */
                os_memcpy(&iwe_buf, pos, IW_EV_LCP_LEN);
                if (iwe->len <= IW_EV_LCP_LEN)
                        break;

                custom = pos + IW_EV_POINT_LEN;
                if (drv->we_version_compiled > 18 &&
                    (iwe->cmd == SIOCGIWESSID ||
                     iwe->cmd == SIOCGIWENCODE ||
                     iwe->cmd == IWEVGENIE ||
                     iwe->cmd == IWEVCUSTOM)) {
                        /* WE-19 removed the pointer from struct iw_point */
                        char *dpos = (char *) &iwe_buf.u.data.length;
                        int dlen = dpos - (char *) &iwe_buf;
                        os_memcpy(dpos, pos + IW_EV_LCP_LEN,
                                  sizeof(struct iw_event) - dlen);
                } else {
                        os_memcpy(&iwe_buf, pos, sizeof(struct iw_event));
                        custom += IW_EV_POINT_OFF;
                }

                switch (iwe->cmd) {
                case SIOCGIWAP:
                        if (!first)
                                ap_num++;
                        first = 0;
                        if (ap_num < max_size) {
                                os_memcpy(results[ap_num].bssid,
                                          iwe->u.ap_addr.sa_data, ETH_ALEN);
                        }
                        break;
                case SIOCGIWMODE:
                        if (ap_num >= max_size)
                                break;
                        if (iwe->u.mode == IW_MODE_ADHOC)
                                results[ap_num].caps |= IEEE80211_CAP_IBSS;
                        else if (iwe->u.mode == IW_MODE_MASTER ||
                                 iwe->u.mode == IW_MODE_INFRA)
                                results[ap_num].caps |= IEEE80211_CAP_ESS;
                        break;
                case SIOCGIWESSID:
                        ssid_len = iwe->u.essid.length;
                        if (custom + ssid_len > end)
                                break;
                        if (iwe->u.essid.flags &&
                            ssid_len > 0 &&
                            ssid_len <= IW_ESSID_MAX_SIZE) {
                                if (ap_num < max_size) {
                                        os_memcpy(results[ap_num].ssid, custom,
                                                  ssid_len);
                                        results[ap_num].ssid_len = ssid_len;
                                }
                        }
                        break;
                case SIOCGIWFREQ:
                        if (ap_num < max_size) {
                                int divi = 1000000, i;
                                if (iwe->u.freq.e == 0) {
                                        /*
                                         * Some drivers do not report
                                         * frequency, but a channel. Try to map
                                         * this to frequency by assuming they
                                         * are using IEEE 802.11b/g.
                                         */
                                        if (iwe->u.freq.m >= 1 &&
                                            iwe->u.freq.m <= 13) {
                                                results[ap_num].freq =
                                                        2407 +
                                                        5 * iwe->u.freq.m;
                                                break;
                                        } else if (iwe->u.freq.m == 14) {
                                                results[ap_num].freq = 2484;
                                                break;
                                        }
                                }
                                if (iwe->u.freq.e > 6) {
                                        wpa_printf(
                                                MSG_DEBUG, "Invalid freq "
                                                "in scan results (BSSID="
                                                MACSTR ": m=%d e=%d\n",
                                                MAC2STR(results[ap_num].bssid),
                                                iwe->u.freq.m, iwe->u.freq.e);
                                        break;
                                }
                                for (i = 0; i < iwe->u.freq.e; i++)
                                        divi /= 10;
                                results[ap_num].freq = iwe->u.freq.m / divi;
                        }
                        break;
                case IWEVQUAL:
                        if (ap_num < max_size) {
                                results[ap_num].qual = iwe->u.qual.qual;
                                results[ap_num].noise = iwe->u.qual.noise;
                                results[ap_num].level = iwe->u.qual.level;
                        }
                        break;
                case SIOCGIWENCODE:
                        if (ap_num < max_size &&
                            !(iwe->u.data.flags & IW_ENCODE_DISABLED))
                                results[ap_num].caps |= IEEE80211_CAP_PRIVACY;
                        break;
                case SIOCGIWRATE:
                        custom = pos + IW_EV_LCP_LEN;
                        clen = iwe->len;
                        if (custom + clen > end)
                                break;
                        maxrate = 0;
                        while (((ssize_t) clen) >=
                               (ssize_t) sizeof(struct iw_param)) {
                                /* Note: may be misaligned, make a local,
                                 * aligned copy */
                                os_memcpy(&p, custom, sizeof(struct iw_param));
                                if (p.value > maxrate)
                                        maxrate = p.value;
                                clen -= sizeof(struct iw_param);
                                custom += sizeof(struct iw_param);
                        }
                        if (ap_num < max_size)
                                results[ap_num].maxrate = maxrate;
                        break;
                case IWEVGENIE:
                        if (ap_num >= max_size)
                                break;
                        gpos = genie = custom;
                        gend = genie + iwe->u.data.length;
                        if (gend > end) {
                                wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "IWEVGENIE overflow");
                                break;
                        }
                        while (gpos + 1 < gend &&
                               gpos + 2 + (u8) gpos[1] <= gend) {
                                u8 ie = gpos[0], ielen = gpos[1] + 2;
                                if (ielen > SSID_MAX_WPA_IE_LEN) {
                                        gpos += ielen;
                                        continue;
                                }
                                switch (ie) {
                                case GENERIC_INFO_ELEM:
                                        if (ielen < 2 + 4 ||
                                            os_memcmp(&gpos[2],
                                                      "\x00\x50\xf2\x01", 4) !=
                                            0)
                                                break;
                                        os_memcpy(results[ap_num].wpa_ie, gpos,
                                                  ielen);
                                        results[ap_num].wpa_ie_len = ielen;
                                        break;
                                case RSN_INFO_ELEM:
                                        os_memcpy(results[ap_num].rsn_ie, gpos,
                                                  ielen);
                                        results[ap_num].rsn_ie_len = ielen;
                                        break;
                                }
                                gpos += ielen;
                        }
                        break;
                case IWEVCUSTOM:
                        clen = iwe->u.data.length;
                        if (custom + clen > end)
                                break;
                        if (clen > 7 &&
                            os_strncmp(custom, "wpa_ie=", 7) == 0 &&
                            ap_num < max_size) {
                                char *spos;
                                int bytes;
                                spos = custom + 7;
                                bytes = custom + clen - spos;
                                if (bytes & 1)
                                        break;
                                bytes /= 2;
                                if (bytes > SSID_MAX_WPA_IE_LEN) {
                                        wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "Too long WPA IE "
                                                   "(%d)", bytes);
                                        break;
                                }
                                hexstr2bin(spos, results[ap_num].wpa_ie,
                                           bytes);
                                results[ap_num].wpa_ie_len = bytes;
                        } else if (clen > 7 &&
                                   os_strncmp(custom, "rsn_ie=", 7) == 0 &&
                                   ap_num < max_size) {
                                char *spos;
                                int bytes;
                                spos = custom + 7;
                                bytes = custom + clen - spos;
                                if (bytes & 1)
                                        break;
                                bytes /= 2;
                                if (bytes > SSID_MAX_WPA_IE_LEN) {
                                        wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "Too long RSN IE "
                                                   "(%d)", bytes);
                                        break;
                                }
                                hexstr2bin(spos, results[ap_num].rsn_ie,
                                           bytes);
                                results[ap_num].rsn_ie_len = bytes;
                        }
                        break;
                }

                pos += iwe->len;
        }
        os_free(res_buf);
        res_buf = NULL;
        if (!first)
                ap_num++;
        if (ap_num > max_size) {
                wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Too small scan result buffer - "
                           "%lu BSSes but room only for %lu",
                           (unsigned long) ap_num,
                           (unsigned long) max_size);
                ap_num = max_size;
        }
        qsort(results, ap_num, sizeof(struct wpa_scan_result),
              wpa_scan_result_compar);

        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Received %lu bytes of scan results (%lu BSSes)",
                   (unsigned long) len, (unsigned long) ap_num);

        return ap_num;
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_get_range(void *priv)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        struct iw_range *range;
        struct iwreq iwr;
        int minlen;
        size_t buflen;

        /*
         * Use larger buffer than struct iw_range in order to allow the
         * structure to grow in the future.
         */
        buflen = sizeof(struct iw_range) + 500;
        range = os_zalloc(buflen);
        if (range == NULL)
                return -1;

        os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
        os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
        iwr.u.data.pointer = (caddr_t) range;
        iwr.u.data.length = buflen;

        minlen = ((char *) &range->enc_capa) - (char *) range +
                sizeof(range->enc_capa);

        if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, SIOCGIWRANGE, &iwr) < 0) {
                perror("ioctl[SIOCGIWRANGE]");
                os_free(range);
                return -1;
        } else if (iwr.u.data.length >= minlen &&
                   range->we_version_compiled >= 18) {
                wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "SIOCGIWRANGE: WE(compiled)=%d "
                           "WE(source)=%d enc_capa=0x%x",
                           range->we_version_compiled,
                           range->we_version_source,
                           range->enc_capa);
                drv->has_capability = 1;
                drv->we_version_compiled = range->we_version_compiled;
                if (range->enc_capa & IW_ENC_CAPA_WPA) {
                        drv->capa.key_mgmt |= WPA_DRIVER_CAPA_KEY_MGMT_WPA |
                                WPA_DRIVER_CAPA_KEY_MGMT_WPA_PSK;
                }
                if (range->enc_capa & IW_ENC_CAPA_WPA2) {
                        drv->capa.key_mgmt |= WPA_DRIVER_CAPA_KEY_MGMT_WPA2 |
                                WPA_DRIVER_CAPA_KEY_MGMT_WPA2_PSK;
                }
                drv->capa.enc |= WPA_DRIVER_CAPA_ENC_WEP40 |
                        WPA_DRIVER_CAPA_ENC_WEP104;
                if (range->enc_capa & IW_ENC_CAPA_CIPHER_TKIP)
                        drv->capa.enc |= WPA_DRIVER_CAPA_ENC_TKIP;
                if (range->enc_capa & IW_ENC_CAPA_CIPHER_CCMP)
                        drv->capa.enc |= WPA_DRIVER_CAPA_ENC_CCMP;
                wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "  capabilities: key_mgmt 0x%x enc 0x%x",
                           drv->capa.key_mgmt, drv->capa.enc);
        } else {
                wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "SIOCGIWRANGE: too old (short) data - "
                           "assuming WPA is not supported");
        }

        os_free(range);
        return 0;
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_set_wpa(void *priv, int enabled)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "%s", __FUNCTION__);

        return wpa_driver_wext_set_auth_param(drv, IW_AUTH_WPA_ENABLED,
                                              enabled);
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_set_key_ext(void *priv, wpa_alg alg,
                                       const u8 *addr, int key_idx,
                                       int set_tx, const u8 *seq,
                                       size_t seq_len,
                                       const u8 *key, size_t key_len)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        struct iwreq iwr;
        int ret = 0;
        struct iw_encode_ext *ext;

        if (seq_len > IW_ENCODE_SEQ_MAX_SIZE) {
                wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "%s: Invalid seq_len %lu",
                           __FUNCTION__, (unsigned long) seq_len);
                return -1;
        }

        ext = os_zalloc(sizeof(*ext) + key_len);
        if (ext == NULL)
                return -1;
        os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
        os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
        iwr.u.encoding.flags = key_idx + 1;
        if (alg == WPA_ALG_NONE)
                iwr.u.encoding.flags |= IW_ENCODE_DISABLED;
        iwr.u.encoding.pointer = (caddr_t) ext;
        iwr.u.encoding.length = sizeof(*ext) + key_len;

        if (addr == NULL ||
            os_memcmp(addr, "\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff", ETH_ALEN) == 0)
                ext->ext_flags |= IW_ENCODE_EXT_GROUP_KEY;
        if (set_tx)
                ext->ext_flags |= IW_ENCODE_EXT_SET_TX_KEY;

        ext->addr.sa_family = ARPHRD_ETHER;
        if (addr)
                os_memcpy(ext->addr.sa_data, addr, ETH_ALEN);
        else
                os_memset(ext->addr.sa_data, 0xff, ETH_ALEN);
        if (key && key_len) {
                os_memcpy(ext + 1, key, key_len);
                ext->key_len = key_len;
        }
        switch (alg) {
        case WPA_ALG_NONE:
                ext->alg = IW_ENCODE_ALG_NONE;
                break;
        case WPA_ALG_WEP:
                ext->alg = IW_ENCODE_ALG_WEP;
                break;
        case WPA_ALG_TKIP:
                ext->alg = IW_ENCODE_ALG_TKIP;
                break;
        case WPA_ALG_CCMP:
                ext->alg = IW_ENCODE_ALG_CCMP;
                break;
        default:
                wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "%s: Unknown algorithm %d",
                           __FUNCTION__, alg);
                os_free(ext);
                return -1;
        }

        if (seq && seq_len) {
                ext->ext_flags |= IW_ENCODE_EXT_RX_SEQ_VALID;
                os_memcpy(ext->rx_seq, seq, seq_len);
        }

        if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, SIOCSIWENCODEEXT, &iwr) < 0) {
                ret = errno == EOPNOTSUPP ? -2 : -1;
                if (errno == ENODEV) {
                        /*
                         * ndiswrapper seems to be returning incorrect error
                         * code.. */
                        ret = -2;
                }

                perror("ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]");
        }

        os_free(ext);
        return ret;
}


int wpa_driver_wext_set_key(void *priv, wpa_alg alg,
                            const u8 *addr, int key_idx,
                            int set_tx, const u8 *seq, size_t seq_len,
                            const u8 *key, size_t key_len)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        struct iwreq iwr;
        int ret = 0;

        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "%s: alg=%d key_idx=%d set_tx=%d seq_len=%lu "
                   "key_len=%lu",
                   __FUNCTION__, alg, key_idx, set_tx,
                   (unsigned long) seq_len, (unsigned long) key_len);

        ret = wpa_driver_wext_set_key_ext(drv, alg, addr, key_idx, set_tx,
                                          seq, seq_len, key, key_len);
        if (ret == 0)
                return 0;

        if (ret == -2 &&
            (alg == WPA_ALG_NONE || alg == WPA_ALG_WEP)) {
                wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Driver did not support "
                           "SIOCSIWENCODEEXT, trying SIOCSIWENCODE");
                ret = 0;
        } else {
                wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Driver did not support "
                           "SIOCSIWENCODEEXT");
                return ret;
        }

        os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
        os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
        iwr.u.encoding.flags = key_idx + 1;
        if (alg == WPA_ALG_NONE)
                iwr.u.encoding.flags |= IW_ENCODE_DISABLED;
        iwr.u.encoding.pointer = (caddr_t) key;
        iwr.u.encoding.length = key_len;

        if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, SIOCSIWENCODE, &iwr) < 0) {
                perror("ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODE]");
                ret = -1;
        }

        if (set_tx && alg != WPA_ALG_NONE) {
                os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
                os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
                iwr.u.encoding.flags = key_idx + 1;
                iwr.u.encoding.pointer = (caddr_t) key;
                iwr.u.encoding.length = 0;
                if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, SIOCSIWENCODE, &iwr) < 0) {
                        perror("ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODE] (set_tx)");
                        ret = -1;
                }
        }

        return ret;
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_set_countermeasures(void *priv,
                                               int enabled)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "%s", __FUNCTION__);
        return wpa_driver_wext_set_auth_param(drv,
                                              IW_AUTH_TKIP_COUNTERMEASURES,
                                              enabled);
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_set_drop_unencrypted(void *priv,
                                                int enabled)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "%s", __FUNCTION__);
        drv->use_crypt = enabled;
        return wpa_driver_wext_set_auth_param(drv, IW_AUTH_DROP_UNENCRYPTED,
                                              enabled);
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_mlme(struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv,
                                const u8 *addr, int cmd, int reason_code)
{
        struct iwreq iwr;
        struct iw_mlme mlme;
        int ret = 0;

        os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
        os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
        os_memset(&mlme, 0, sizeof(mlme));
        mlme.cmd = cmd;
        mlme.reason_code = reason_code;
        mlme.addr.sa_family = ARPHRD_ETHER;
        os_memcpy(mlme.addr.sa_data, addr, ETH_ALEN);
        iwr.u.data.pointer = (caddr_t) &mlme;
        iwr.u.data.length = sizeof(mlme);

        if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, SIOCSIWMLME, &iwr) < 0) {
                perror("ioctl[SIOCSIWMLME]");
                ret = -1;
        }

        return ret;
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_deauthenticate(void *priv, const u8 *addr,
                                          int reason_code)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "%s", __FUNCTION__);
        return wpa_driver_wext_mlme(drv, addr, IW_MLME_DEAUTH, reason_code);
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_disassociate(void *priv, const u8 *addr,
                                        int reason_code)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "%s", __FUNCTION__);
        return wpa_driver_wext_mlme(drv, addr, IW_MLME_DISASSOC,
                                    reason_code);
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_set_gen_ie(void *priv, const u8 *ie,
                                      size_t ie_len)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        struct iwreq iwr;
        int ret = 0;

        os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
        os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
        iwr.u.data.pointer = (caddr_t) ie;
        iwr.u.data.length = ie_len;

        if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, SIOCSIWGENIE, &iwr) < 0) {
                perror("ioctl[SIOCSIWGENIE]");
                ret = -1;
        }

        return ret;
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_cipher2wext(int cipher)
{
        switch (cipher) {
        case CIPHER_NONE:
                return IW_AUTH_CIPHER_NONE;
        case CIPHER_WEP40:
                return IW_AUTH_CIPHER_WEP40;
        case CIPHER_TKIP:
                return IW_AUTH_CIPHER_TKIP;
        case CIPHER_CCMP:
                return IW_AUTH_CIPHER_CCMP;
        case CIPHER_WEP104:
                return IW_AUTH_CIPHER_WEP104;
        default:
                return 0;
        }
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_keymgmt2wext(int keymgmt)
{
        switch (keymgmt) {
        case KEY_MGMT_802_1X:
                return IW_AUTH_KEY_MGMT_802_1X;
        case KEY_MGMT_PSK:
                return IW_AUTH_KEY_MGMT_PSK;
        default:
                return 0;
        }
}


static int
wpa_driver_wext_auth_alg_fallback(struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv,
                                  struct wpa_driver_associate_params *params)
{
        struct iwreq iwr;
        int ret = 0;

        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WEXT: Driver did not support "
                   "SIOCSIWAUTH for AUTH_ALG, trying SIOCSIWENCODE");

        os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
        os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
        /* Just changing mode, not actual keys */
        iwr.u.encoding.flags = 0;
        iwr.u.encoding.pointer = (caddr_t) NULL;
        iwr.u.encoding.length = 0;

        /*
         * Note: IW_ENCODE_{OPEN,RESTRICTED} can be interpreted to mean two
         * different things. Here they are used to indicate Open System vs.
         * Shared Key authentication algorithm. However, some drivers may use
         * them to select between open/restricted WEP encrypted (open = allow
         * both unencrypted and encrypted frames; restricted = only allow
         * encrypted frames).
         */

        if (!drv->use_crypt) {
                iwr.u.encoding.flags |= IW_ENCODE_DISABLED;
        } else {
                if (params->auth_alg & AUTH_ALG_OPEN_SYSTEM)
                        iwr.u.encoding.flags |= IW_ENCODE_OPEN;
                if (params->auth_alg & AUTH_ALG_SHARED_KEY)
                        iwr.u.encoding.flags |= IW_ENCODE_RESTRICTED;
        }

        if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, SIOCSIWENCODE, &iwr) < 0) {
                perror("ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODE]");
                ret = -1;
        }

        return ret;
}


static int
wpa_driver_wext_associate(void *priv,
                          struct wpa_driver_associate_params *params)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        int ret = 0;
        int allow_unencrypted_eapol;
        int value;

        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "%s", __FUNCTION__);

        /*
         * If the driver did not support SIOCSIWAUTH, fallback to
         * SIOCSIWENCODE here.
         */
        if (drv->auth_alg_fallback &&
            wpa_driver_wext_auth_alg_fallback(drv, params) < 0)
                ret = -1;

        if (!params->bssid &&
            wpa_driver_wext_set_bssid(drv, NULL) < 0)
                ret = -1;

        if (wpa_driver_wext_set_mode(drv, params->mode) < 0)
                ret = -1;
        /* TODO: should consider getting wpa version and cipher/key_mgmt suites
         * from configuration, not from here, where only the selected suite is
         * available */
        if (wpa_driver_wext_set_gen_ie(drv, params->wpa_ie, params->wpa_ie_len)
            < 0)
                ret = -1;
        if (params->wpa_ie == NULL || params->wpa_ie_len == 0)
                value = IW_AUTH_WPA_VERSION_DISABLED;
        else if (params->wpa_ie[0] == RSN_INFO_ELEM)
                value = IW_AUTH_WPA_VERSION_WPA2;
        else
                value = IW_AUTH_WPA_VERSION_WPA;
        if (wpa_driver_wext_set_auth_param(drv,
                                           IW_AUTH_WPA_VERSION, value) < 0)
                ret = -1;
        value = wpa_driver_wext_cipher2wext(params->pairwise_suite);
        if (wpa_driver_wext_set_auth_param(drv,
                                           IW_AUTH_CIPHER_PAIRWISE, value) < 0)
                ret = -1;
        value = wpa_driver_wext_cipher2wext(params->group_suite);
        if (wpa_driver_wext_set_auth_param(drv,
                                           IW_AUTH_CIPHER_GROUP, value) < 0)
                ret = -1;
        value = wpa_driver_wext_keymgmt2wext(params->key_mgmt_suite);
        if (wpa_driver_wext_set_auth_param(drv,
                                           IW_AUTH_KEY_MGMT, value) < 0)
                ret = -1;
        value = params->key_mgmt_suite != KEY_MGMT_NONE ||
                params->pairwise_suite != CIPHER_NONE ||
                params->group_suite != CIPHER_NONE ||
                params->wpa_ie_len;
        if (wpa_driver_wext_set_auth_param(drv,
                                           IW_AUTH_PRIVACY_INVOKED, value) < 0)
                ret = -1;

        /* Allow unencrypted EAPOL messages even if pairwise keys are set when
         * not using WPA. IEEE 802.1X specifies that these frames are not
         * encrypted, but WPA encrypts them when pairwise keys are in use. */
        if (params->key_mgmt_suite == KEY_MGMT_802_1X ||
            params->key_mgmt_suite == KEY_MGMT_PSK)
                allow_unencrypted_eapol = 0;
        else
                allow_unencrypted_eapol = 1;
        
        if (wpa_driver_wext_set_auth_param(drv,
                                           IW_AUTH_RX_UNENCRYPTED_EAPOL,
                                           allow_unencrypted_eapol) < 0)
                ret = -1;
        if (params->freq && wpa_driver_wext_set_freq(drv, params->freq) < 0)
                ret = -1;
        if (wpa_driver_wext_set_ssid(drv, params->ssid, params->ssid_len) < 0)
                ret = -1;
        if (params->bssid &&
            wpa_driver_wext_set_bssid(drv, params->bssid) < 0)
                ret = -1;

        return ret;
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_set_auth_alg(void *priv, int auth_alg)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        int algs = 0, res;

        if (auth_alg & AUTH_ALG_OPEN_SYSTEM)
                algs |= IW_AUTH_ALG_OPEN_SYSTEM;
        if (auth_alg & AUTH_ALG_SHARED_KEY)
                algs |= IW_AUTH_ALG_SHARED_KEY;
        if (auth_alg & AUTH_ALG_LEAP)
                algs |= IW_AUTH_ALG_LEAP;
        if (algs == 0) {
                /* at least one algorithm should be set */
                algs = IW_AUTH_ALG_OPEN_SYSTEM;
        }

        res = wpa_driver_wext_set_auth_param(drv, IW_AUTH_80211_AUTH_ALG,
                                             algs);
        drv->auth_alg_fallback = res == -2;
        return res;
}


int wpa_driver_wext_set_mode(void *priv, int mode)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        struct iwreq iwr;
        int ret = 0;

        os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
        os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
        iwr.u.mode = mode ? IW_MODE_ADHOC : IW_MODE_INFRA;

        if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, SIOCSIWMODE, &iwr) < 0) {
                perror("ioctl[SIOCSIWMODE]");
                ret = -1;
        }

        return ret;
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_pmksa(struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv,
                                 u32 cmd, const u8 *bssid, const u8 *pmkid)
{
        struct iwreq iwr;
        struct iw_pmksa pmksa;
        int ret = 0;

        os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
        os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
        os_memset(&pmksa, 0, sizeof(pmksa));
        pmksa.cmd = cmd;
        pmksa.bssid.sa_family = ARPHRD_ETHER;
        if (bssid)
                os_memcpy(pmksa.bssid.sa_data, bssid, ETH_ALEN);
        if (pmkid)
                os_memcpy(pmksa.pmkid, pmkid, IW_PMKID_LEN);
        iwr.u.data.pointer = (caddr_t) &pmksa;
        iwr.u.data.length = sizeof(pmksa);

        if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, SIOCSIWPMKSA, &iwr) < 0) {
                if (errno != EOPNOTSUPP)
                        perror("ioctl[SIOCSIWPMKSA]");
                ret = -1;
        }

        return ret;
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_add_pmkid(void *priv, const u8 *bssid,
                                     const u8 *pmkid)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        return wpa_driver_wext_pmksa(drv, IW_PMKSA_ADD, bssid, pmkid);
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_remove_pmkid(void *priv, const u8 *bssid,
                                        const u8 *pmkid)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        return wpa_driver_wext_pmksa(drv, IW_PMKSA_REMOVE, bssid, pmkid);
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_flush_pmkid(void *priv)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        return wpa_driver_wext_pmksa(drv, IW_PMKSA_FLUSH, NULL, NULL);
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_get_capa(void *priv, struct wpa_driver_capa *capa)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        if (!drv->has_capability)
                return -1;
        os_memcpy(capa, &drv->capa, sizeof(*capa));
        return 0;
}


int wpa_driver_wext_alternative_ifindex(struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv,
                                        const char *ifname)
{
        if (ifname == NULL) {
                drv->ifindex2 = -1;
                return 0;
        }

        drv->ifindex2 = if_nametoindex(ifname);
        if (drv->ifindex2 <= 0)
                return -1;

        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Added alternative ifindex %d (%s) for "
                   "wireless events", drv->ifindex2, ifname);

        return 0;
}


int wpa_driver_wext_set_operstate(void *priv, int state)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;

        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "%s: operstate %d->%d (%s)",
                   __func__, drv->operstate, state, state ? "UP" : "DORMANT");
        drv->operstate = state;
        return wpa_driver_wext_send_oper_ifla(
                drv, -1, state ? IF_OPER_UP : IF_OPER_DORMANT);
}


#ifdef CONFIG_CLIENT_MLME
static int hostapd_ioctl(struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv,
                         struct prism2_hostapd_param *param, int len)
{
        struct iwreq iwr;

        os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
        os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
        iwr.u.data.pointer = (caddr_t) param;
        iwr.u.data.length = len;

        if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, PRISM2_IOCTL_HOSTAPD, &iwr) < 0) {
                perror("ioctl[PRISM2_IOCTL_HOSTAPD]");
                return -1;
        }

        return 0;
}


static struct wpa_hw_modes *
wpa_driver_wext_get_hw_feature_data(void *priv, u16 *num_modes, u16 *flags)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        struct prism2_hostapd_param *param;
        u8 *pos, *end;
        struct wpa_hw_modes *modes = NULL;
        int i;

        param = os_zalloc(PRISM2_HOSTAPD_MAX_BUF_SIZE);
        if (param == NULL)
                return NULL;
        param->cmd = PRISM2_HOSTAPD_GET_HW_FEATURES;

        if (hostapd_ioctl(drv, param, PRISM2_HOSTAPD_MAX_BUF_SIZE) < 0) {
                perror("ioctl[PRISM2_IOCTL_HOSTAPD]");
                goto out;
        }

        *num_modes = param->u.hw_features.num_modes;
        *flags = param->u.hw_features.flags;

        pos = param->u.hw_features.data;
        end = pos + PRISM2_HOSTAPD_MAX_BUF_SIZE -
                (param->u.hw_features.data - (u8 *) param);

        modes = os_zalloc(*num_modes * sizeof(struct wpa_hw_modes));
        if (modes == NULL)
                goto out;

        for (i = 0; i < *num_modes; i++) {
                struct hostapd_ioctl_hw_modes_hdr *hdr;
                struct wpa_hw_modes *feature;
                int clen, rlen;

                hdr = (struct hostapd_ioctl_hw_modes_hdr *) pos;
                pos = (u8 *) (hdr + 1);
                clen = hdr->num_channels * sizeof(struct wpa_channel_data);
                rlen = hdr->num_rates * sizeof(struct wpa_rate_data);

                feature = &modes[i];
                switch (hdr->mode) {
                case MODE_IEEE80211A:
                        feature->mode = WPA_MODE_IEEE80211A;
                        break;
                case MODE_IEEE80211B:
                        feature->mode = WPA_MODE_IEEE80211B;
                        break;
                case MODE_IEEE80211G:
                        feature->mode = WPA_MODE_IEEE80211G;
                        break;
                case MODE_ATHEROS_TURBO:
                case MODE_ATHEROS_TURBOG:
                        wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Skip unsupported hw_mode=%d in "
                                   "get_hw_features data", hdr->mode);
                        pos += clen + rlen;
                        continue;
                default:
                        wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Unknown hw_mode=%d in "
                                   "get_hw_features data", hdr->mode);
                        ieee80211_sta_free_hw_features(modes, *num_modes);
                        modes = NULL;
                        break;
                }
                feature->num_channels = hdr->num_channels;
                feature->num_rates = hdr->num_rates;

                feature->channels = os_malloc(clen);
                feature->rates = os_malloc(rlen);
                if (!feature->channels || !feature->rates) {
                        ieee80211_sta_free_hw_features(modes, *num_modes);
                        modes = NULL;
                        break;
                }

                os_memcpy(feature->channels, pos, clen);
                pos += clen;
                os_memcpy(feature->rates, pos, rlen);
                pos += rlen;
        }

out:
        os_free(param);
        return modes;
}


int wpa_driver_wext_set_channel(void *priv, wpa_hw_mode phymode, int chan,
                                int freq)
{
        return wpa_driver_wext_set_freq(priv, freq);
}


static void wpa_driver_wext_mlme_read(int sock, void *eloop_ctx,
                                      void *sock_ctx)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = eloop_ctx;
        int len;
        unsigned char buf[3000];
        struct ieee80211_frame_info *fi;
        struct ieee80211_rx_status rx_status;

        len = recv(sock, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
        if (len < 0) {
                perror("recv[MLME]");
                return;
        }

        if (len < (int) sizeof(struct ieee80211_frame_info)) {
                wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WEXT: Too short MLME frame (len=%d)",
                           len);
                return;
        }

        fi = (struct ieee80211_frame_info *) buf;
        if (ntohl(fi->version) != IEEE80211_FI_VERSION) {
                wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WEXT: Invalid MLME frame info version "
                           "0x%x", ntohl(fi->version));
                return;
        }

        os_memset(&rx_status, 0, sizeof(rx_status));
        rx_status.ssi = ntohl(fi->ssi_signal);
        rx_status.channel = ntohl(fi->channel);

        ieee80211_sta_rx(drv->ctx, buf + sizeof(struct ieee80211_frame_info),
                         len - sizeof(struct ieee80211_frame_info),
                         &rx_status);
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_open_mlme(struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv)
{
        int flags, ifindex, s, *i;
        struct sockaddr_ll addr;
        struct iwreq iwr;

        os_memset(&iwr, 0, sizeof(iwr));
        os_strncpy(iwr.ifr_name, drv->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
        i = (int *) iwr.u.name;
        *i++ = PRISM2_PARAM_USER_SPACE_MLME;
        *i++ = 1;

        if (ioctl(drv->ioctl_sock, PRISM2_IOCTL_PRISM2_PARAM, &iwr) < 0) {
                wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "WEXT: Failed to configure driver to "
                           "use user space MLME");
                return -1;
        }

        ifindex = if_nametoindex(drv->mlmedev);
        if (ifindex == 0) {
                wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "WEXT: mlmedev='%s' not found",
                           drv->mlmedev);
                return -1;
        }

        if (wpa_driver_wext_get_ifflags_ifname(drv, drv->mlmedev, &flags) != 0
            || wpa_driver_wext_set_ifflags_ifname(drv, drv->mlmedev,
                                                  flags | IFF_UP) != 0) {
                wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "WEXT: Could not set interface "
                           "'%s' UP", drv->mlmedev);
                return -1;
        }

        s = socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_ALL));
        if (s < 0) {
                perror("socket[PF_PACKET,SOCK_RAW]");
                return -1;
        }

        os_memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
        addr.sll_family = AF_PACKET;
        addr.sll_ifindex = ifindex;

        if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
                perror("bind(MLME)");
                return -1;
        }

        if (eloop_register_read_sock(s, wpa_driver_wext_mlme_read, drv, NULL))
        {
                wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "WEXT: Could not register MLME read "
                           "socket");
                close(s);
                return -1;
        }

        return s;
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_send_mlme(void *priv, const u8 *data,
                                     size_t data_len)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        int ret;

        ret = send(drv->mlme_sock, data, data_len, 0);
        if (ret < 0) {
                perror("send[MLME]");
                return -1;
        }

        return 0;
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_mlme_add_sta(void *priv, const u8 *addr,
                                        const u8 *supp_rates,
                                        size_t supp_rates_len)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        struct prism2_hostapd_param param;
        size_t len;

        os_memset(&param, 0, sizeof(param));
        param.cmd = PRISM2_HOSTAPD_ADD_STA;
        os_memcpy(param.sta_addr, addr, ETH_ALEN);
        len = supp_rates_len;
        if (len > sizeof(param.u.add_sta.supp_rates))
                len = sizeof(param.u.add_sta.supp_rates);
        os_memcpy(param.u.add_sta.supp_rates, supp_rates, len);
        return hostapd_ioctl(drv, &param, sizeof(param));
}


static int wpa_driver_wext_mlme_remove_sta(void *priv, const u8 *addr)
{
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        struct prism2_hostapd_param param;

        os_memset(&param, 0, sizeof(param));
        param.cmd = PRISM2_HOSTAPD_REMOVE_STA;
        os_memcpy(param.sta_addr, addr, ETH_ALEN);
        return hostapd_ioctl(drv, &param, sizeof(param));
}

#endif /* CONFIG_CLIENT_MLME */


static int wpa_driver_wext_set_param(void *priv, const char *param)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_CLIENT_MLME
        struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv = priv;
        const char *pos, *pos2;
        size_t len;

        if (param == NULL)
                return 0;

        wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "%s: param='%s'", __func__, param);

        pos = os_strstr(param, "mlmedev=");
        if (pos) {
                pos += 8;
                pos2 = os_strchr(pos, ' ');
                if (pos2)
                        len = pos2 - pos;
                else
                        len = os_strlen(pos);
                if (len + 1 > sizeof(drv->mlmedev))
                        return -1;
                os_memcpy(drv->mlmedev, pos, len);
                drv->mlmedev[len] = '\0';
                wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WEXT: Using user space MLME with "
                           "mlmedev='%s'", drv->mlmedev);
                drv->capa.flags |= WPA_DRIVER_FLAGS_USER_SPACE_MLME;

                drv->mlme_sock = wpa_driver_wext_open_mlme(drv);
                if (drv->mlme_sock < 0)
                        return -1;
        }
#endif /* CONFIG_CLIENT_MLME */

        return 0;
}


int wpa_driver_wext_get_version(struct wpa_driver_wext_data *drv)
{
        return drv->we_version_compiled;
}


const struct wpa_driver_ops wpa_driver_wext_ops = {
        .name = "wext",
        .desc = "Linux wireless extensions (generic)",
        .get_bssid = wpa_driver_wext_get_bssid,
        .get_ssid = wpa_driver_wext_get_ssid,
        .set_wpa = wpa_driver_wext_set_wpa,
        .set_key = wpa_driver_wext_set_key,
        .set_countermeasures = wpa_driver_wext_set_countermeasures,
        .set_drop_unencrypted = wpa_driver_wext_set_drop_unencrypted,
        .scan = wpa_driver_wext_scan,
        .get_scan_results = wpa_driver_wext_get_scan_results,
        .deauthenticate = wpa_driver_wext_deauthenticate,
        .disassociate = wpa_driver_wext_disassociate,
        .associate = wpa_driver_wext_associate,
        .set_auth_alg = wpa_driver_wext_set_auth_alg,
        .init = wpa_driver_wext_init,
        .deinit = wpa_driver_wext_deinit,
        .set_param = wpa_driver_wext_set_param,
        .add_pmkid = wpa_driver_wext_add_pmkid,
        .remove_pmkid = wpa_driver_wext_remove_pmkid,
        .flush_pmkid = wpa_driver_wext_flush_pmkid,
        .get_capa = wpa_driver_wext_get_capa,
        .set_operstate = wpa_driver_wext_set_operstate,
#ifdef CONFIG_CLIENT_MLME
        .get_hw_feature_data = wpa_driver_wext_get_hw_feature_data,
        .set_channel = wpa_driver_wext_set_channel,
        .set_ssid = wpa_driver_wext_set_ssid,
        .set_bssid = wpa_driver_wext_set_bssid,
        .send_mlme = wpa_driver_wext_send_mlme,
        .mlme_add_sta = wpa_driver_wext_mlme_add_sta,
        .mlme_remove_sta = wpa_driver_wext_mlme_remove_sta,
#endif /* CONFIG_CLIENT_MLME */
};

---